¿Cuándo usamos el Pretérito perfecto o indefinido en español?

Una de las dificultades comunes entre los estudiantes de español es saber diferenciar cuándo usar el Pretérito Perfecto y el Indefinido.

PRETÉRITO PERFECTO

Usamos el «Pretérito Perfecto» cuando hablamos de acciones o cosas relacionadas con el presente: el día, la semana, el mes, la Navidad. Por ejemplo:

He trabajado mucho esta semana / I have worked a lot this week.

«Esta semana», todavía no ha acabado la semana.

PRETÉRITO INDEFINIDO

Usamos el «Indefinido» cuando no estamos hablando de acciones o cosas relacionadas con el presente: un día, una semana, un mes, una Navidad, en 1984, esa vez, ayer. (La información no está relacionada con el presente. Se termina)

¿Cuándo usamos el Pretérito perfecto o indefinido en español? 1
Spanish lessons, pretérito indefinido

Algunas palabras que nos indican el uso del «Pretérito Perfecto» son:

  • Hoy.
  • A las 4, a las 6.
  • Esta mañana, Esta tarde, Esta semana.
  • Este mes, Este año.
  • Este invierno, Este otoño.
  • Todavía no, aun no, ya.
  • Hasta ahora.
  • En mi vida.
  • Nunca.
  • Por fin.
  • Siempre.
  • ¿Alguna vez? / ¿Cuántas veces?

The common signal words that indicate the “Indefinido” are:

  • Ayer, Anteayer. 
  • El otro día.
  • Anoche, Anteanoche.
  • La semana pasada.
  • El mes, el año pasado.
  • En + año/mes.
  • Hace+ cantidad de tiempo + que + indefinido.

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Aprende español con Taronja School


Con nuestros cursos de español puedes mejorar tu expresión oral y aprender de una forma divertida y amena cómo somos los españoles.

¿Qué opinan nuestros alumnos de nuestros cursos de español?


Estas son algunas de las opiniones de nuestros alumnos. ¡Los premios nos los dais vosotros!

¿Cuándo usamos el Pretérito perfecto o indefinido en español? 3
Kim Jautze Avatar
Kim Jautze
I’ve been at the Taronja school for only one week but I’ve had a great experience with the teachers, the methods that they use (which are super interactive and fun) and the organization of the school. I would definitely recommend this school if you want to learn Spanish in Spain!
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Iris Helder Avatar
Iris Helder
I’ve studied at Taronja in Valencia for almost 3 weeks now and I already don’t want to leave. The teachers are nice and I felt really welcomed since I first stepped trough the schools doors! Outside of school there are activities organised by the school almost everyday. So don’t bring too many books with you, there will be enough to do here 😉
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Robin van der Swaan Avatar
Robin van der Swaan
Una escuela con los mejores profesores y las mejores actividades!
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ciscaf
5 star rating
Zeer goede en leuke school Samen met mijn echtgenoot 1 week intensief Spaanse les gevolgd. Alles goed geregeld, modern lesmateriaal en prettige manier van (interactief) lesgeven. Fijne school voor jong en ‘oud’! Hoewel wij veelal niet deelnamen aan de activiteiten zijn ze erg leuk, zeker voor jongeren! Deze school is echt een aanrader!
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45marieh_l_nek
5 star rating
excellente école d'espagnol à Valence Taronja est une véritable école de langue espagnol pour les étrangers du monde entier, avec non seulement des cours de langues mais toute une série d'activités organisées gratuitement par l'école, d'autres seront payantes aussi selon l'activités en question.
très bonne ambiance et supers profs
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David E Avatar
David E
5 star rating
A very enjoyable place to learn Spanish I have just finished a two week intensive course at Escuela Taronja and am already missing it. I am at an early intermediate level and the experience of the last two weeks have boosted my confidence and stretched my knowledge so much. I was a little intimidated by the idea of being middle aged and out of my comfort zone but the school is so supportive, inclusive all all ages and quick to ensure that you are in a class at the right level. I would encourage anyone going to the school to jump in with both feet and take up all the various social opportunities that are on offer,,they were great fun and I met some new friends that I hope to
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Gideon Hammond Avatar
Gideon Hammond
OVERALL As a school teacher (of Maths and some other things), I had supported the Spanish trip here with my pupils in April 2023. I could see what a transformative experience it was for them so much so that I wanted it for myself. My time at Taronja can only be described as excellent. Everyone at the school tries to ensure you have the best time possible which is impressive based on the carousel of students who come-and-go each week. All the staff treated me with kindness and respect. Thank you to Maxi and Fernando for running such a unique place. The last 4 weeks at Taronja have been exciting, interesting, eventful, busy, enjoyable and compact with information. The last time I studied a language was 14 years ago. I was not very keen on languages in school but my time spent at Taronja has made me believe that I can learn a language to a much higher level than I ever thought possible. That alone has been worth it. LEARNING EXPERIENCE The teachers were fun and engaging. As an absolute beginner, I did the Intensive course + conversation class + private lessons. That helped with my exposure to the language and the private classes were helpful in ironing out some issues. I did this for the first three weeks, then extended by a week and "dropped down" to "only" the intensive course, which is plenty. If I were building up for an exam I would definitely pick up the private classes again. And the conversation classes were energetically delivered to give you important insights of Spanish conversational etiquette. Overall, I was able to enjoy lessons taught by patient, *knowledgeable* and kind teachers, who have reminded me about the importance of these characteristics in my own teaching practice. Teaching beginners must be tough and it was done with grace, style, poise and importantly, a smile. Thank you Laura, Carmen, Antonio, Miguel Angel, Nestor, Carol, Jenny, Nerea, and especially Mica and Paula for your infectious energy and humour. ACADEMIC ADMIN The organisation of the timetable and classes was clearly communicated in advance via WhatsApp. I know some people didn't feel as though they were in the right class for their level and changes were made almost instantly to help. This was managed by the academic team. SUPPORT Organising, arriving, and extending my stay was made very easy by the ladies at the front desk, in particular Elena and Roza! Emails were responded to promptly and they were always so helpful. Waving to them in the morning and getting a wave back made things feel a bit more like home! SOCIAL Plenty of opportunities to socialise with others at the school. Most people I attended school with were between 19-25. But there was also a considerable contingent of older pupils too (e.g. 31, 40 and 70!). This is all taken into consideration when forming classes and social activities. There are activities organised by the school for every day of the week. I went during high season (i.e. the summer) so there were a lot of people. Some activities are linked to other language schools which broadens your pool of potential connections. A lot are free. Many are heavily subsidised. Because there is a fluid change of people from week to week the extent to which you find things socialable will depend on who you share your time at the school with. But similarly minded people would pay money to attend a summer school, so it's likely to be fine for you, as it was for me! As an over-27, I was added to a WhatsApp group for additionally organised activities. BOCARIOS (Interns) An excellently led intern team support the activities and were a good group to talk to in general. Very helpful! GENERAL THOUGHTS When in Spain and doing things, there is a naturally occurring opportunity to practice the language. Whether you decide to is your own choice! And indeed your experience in general heavily depends on you 😇 . Approach it with an open heart and fresh eyes.
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Ben Eberle Avatar
Ben Eberle
I've been visiting Taronja for years working on my spanish. The staff and the teachers are fantastic!. They mix and combine methods and classes which keeps it interesting and makes for a great experience. They also offer lots of extracurricular activities and are committed to helping you not only learn spanisch but make sure you really enjoy your time in Valencia.
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