¿Cuándo usamos el Pretérito perfecto o indefinido en español?
Una de las dificultades comunes entre los estudiantes de español es saber diferenciar cuándo usar el Pretérito Perfecto y el Indefinido.
PRETÉRITO PERFECTO
Usamos el «Pretérito Perfecto» cuando hablamos de acciones o cosas relacionadas con el presente: el día, la semana, el mes, la Navidad. Por ejemplo:
He trabajado mucho esta semana / I have worked a lot this week.
«Esta semana», todavía no ha acabado la semana.
PRETÉRITO INDEFINIDO
Usamos el «Indefinido» cuando no estamos hablando de acciones o cosas relacionadas con el presente: un día, una semana, un mes, una Navidad, en 1984, esa vez, ayer. (La información no está relacionada con el presente. Se termina)


Algunas palabras que nos indican el uso del «Pretérito Perfecto» son:
- Hoy.
- A las 4, a las 6.
- Esta mañana, Esta tarde, Esta semana.
- Este mes, Este año.
- Este invierno, Este otoño.
- Todavía no, aun no, ya.
- Hasta ahora.
- En mi vida.
- Nunca.
- Por fin.
- Siempre.
- ¿Alguna vez? / ¿Cuántas veces?
The common signal words that indicate the “Indefinido” are:
- Ayer, Anteayer.
- El otro día.
- Anoche, Anteanoche.
- La semana pasada.
- El mes, el año pasado.
- En + año/mes.
- Hace+ cantidad de tiempo + que + indefinido.
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Aprende español con Taronja School
Con nuestros cursos de español puedes mejorar tu expresión oral y aprender de una forma divertida y amena cómo somos los españoles.
¿Qué opinan nuestros alumnos de nuestros cursos de español?
Estas son algunas de las opiniones de nuestros alumnos. ¡Los premios nos los dais vosotros!
Caitriona Cuddy
I would highly recommend this language school, with its competent teachers who are innovative and interested in their students. The material used is always of an excellent standard. The school has two bright buildings and there is a calendar of events each week both for students attending and those taking classes online.
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L9995XIandreash
klasse Sprachschule im schönen Valencia Ich habe einen 2-wöchigen Intensivkurs hier gemacht, eine tolle Erfahrung. Die Klassen sind recht klein, die Lehrer motiviert und sehr freundlich, so dass ich hier große Fortschritte gemacht habe. Auch nach dem Unterricht gab es interessante Aktivitäten. Die Lage der Schule mitten im Zentrum ist ideal, es gibt viele Caffee's und Restaurantes in der Nähe. Die zwei Wochen gingen leider viel zu schnell rum!
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Sofiya I
Очень понравилось! Училась 7 недель. Очень домашняя атмосфера и супер приятные люди. Консультировали по любому интересующему туриста вопросу. Проводятся ежедневные мероприятия помимо уроков(включено в стоимость обучения), это и экскурсии, и кино, и караоке, и кулинарные уроки и много чего другого!!! Удобное месторасположение - в самом центре! Обязательно вернусь в эту школу для продолжения изучения испанского. Спасибо, Taronja
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David S.
The school is located in the center of the city and easy to reach by public transportation or by walking. Everybody at the office is friendly and very helpful, they listen and understand your needs. They help you not only with school stuff but also with the matters of daily life and culture. Teachers are always prepared for the classes and they teach with an effective fun way. They understand your level and find out a way to make you understand and learn in a supportive way. Modern methods like internet and interactive whiteboard are used during the classes , which make the lessons flow easily. Grammar , reading, conversation, listening are well balanced. In a week different teachers are teaching in any given class that provides different styles, techniques and accents. Besides regular classes there are more classes to choose from ( like conversation ) according to one’s needs. Every week there are some activities, day trips and social gatherings so one can learn and experience more about the culture. The timetable of classes is constantly rotating hereby assigning a morning class on a day and an afternoon class on another day. Altogether it makes learning Spanish and Spanish culture easy, fun and effective process. Additionally Valencia is a very beautiful city with lovely locals. The city offers almost everything. Thank you all so much.
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Jacqueline Los
The school is fantastic. The way of teaching is very creative! They keep your attention for the whole time you are in the class. For me it was 4 weeks, I'm 63 years old, I think 3 would have been better. You get lots of information. So the last week I was very very tired. There are nice activities and they are open for activities ask for by the students. Young and old is spread out over all the class rooms. It is very easy to get in contact with the younger people. I would like to do it again. València is the best city ever. Big, compact, beautiful atmosphere and wonderful to bike around. There are beautiful bike pads and people in cars take care of you when you are on a bike. Hasta luego!!!!
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roseline2018
Moderne en leuke manier van lesgeven Ik heb hier twee weken een cursus gevolgd en wat me vooral opviel is dat er op een moderne manier wordt les gegeven. Niet 'ouderwets' uit saaie boeken maar met steeds wisselende soorten oefeningen en gericht op de praktijk.
De staff en leraren zij over het algemeen erg enthousiast wat de hele ervaring exra leuk maakt.
De staff en leraren zij over het algemeen erg enthousiast wat de hele ervaring exra leuk maakt.
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Gideon Hammond
OVERALL As a school teacher (of Maths and some other things), I had supported the Spanish trip here with my pupils in April 2023. I could see what a transformative experience it was for them so much so that I wanted it for myself. My time at Taronja can only be described as excellent. Everyone at the school tries to ensure you have the best time possible which is impressive based on the carousel of students who come-and-go each week. All the staff treated me with kindness and respect. Thank you to Maxi and Fernando for running such a unique place. The last 4 weeks at Taronja have been exciting, interesting, eventful, busy, enjoyable and compact with information. The last time I studied a language was 14 years ago. I was not very keen on languages in school but my time spent at Taronja has made me believe that I can learn a language to a much higher level than I ever thought possible. That alone has been worth it. LEARNING EXPERIENCE The teachers were fun and engaging. As an absolute beginner, I did the Intensive course + conversation class + private lessons. That helped with my exposure to the language and the private classes were helpful in ironing out some issues. I did this for the first three weeks, then extended by a week and "dropped down" to "only" the intensive course, which is plenty. If I were building up for an exam I would definitely pick up the private classes again. And the conversation classes were energetically delivered to give you important insights of Spanish conversational etiquette. Overall, I was able to enjoy lessons taught by patient, *knowledgeable* and kind teachers, who have reminded me about the importance of these characteristics in my own teaching practice. Teaching beginners must be tough and it was done with grace, style, poise and importantly, a smile. Thank you Laura, Carmen, Antonio, Miguel Angel, Nestor, Carol, Jenny, Nerea, and especially Mica and Paula for your infectious energy and humour. ACADEMIC ADMIN The organisation of the timetable and classes was clearly communicated in advance via WhatsApp. I know some people didn't feel as though they were in the right class for their level and changes were made almost instantly to help. This was managed by the academic team. SUPPORT Organising, arriving, and extending my stay was made very easy by the ladies at the front desk, in particular Elena and Roza! Emails were responded to promptly and they were always so helpful. Waving to them in the morning and getting a wave back made things feel a bit more like home! SOCIAL Plenty of opportunities to socialise with others at the school. Most people I attended school with were between 19-25. But there was also a considerable contingent of older pupils too (e.g. 31, 40 and 70!). This is all taken into consideration when forming classes and social activities. There are activities organised by the school for every day of the week. I went during high season (i.e. the summer) so there were a lot of people. Some activities are linked to other language schools which broadens your pool of potential connections. A lot are free. Many are heavily subsidised. Because there is a fluid change of people from week to week the extent to which you find things socialable will depend on who you share your time at the school with. But similarly minded people would pay money to attend a summer school, so it's likely to be fine for you, as it was for me! As an over-27, I was added to a WhatsApp group for additionally organised activities. BOCARIOS (Interns) An excellently led intern team support the activities and were a good group to talk to in general. Very helpful! GENERAL THOUGHTS When in Spain and doing things, there is a naturally occurring opportunity to practice the language. Whether you decide to is your own choice! And indeed your experience in general heavily depends on you 😇 . Approach it with an open heart and fresh eyes.
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